Cost: $100, Time: 2-4 Hours, Difficulty: Easy, Tools: Laser Cutter, 3D printer

Thanks to the modern maker tool suite, it is getting easier and easier to make topnotch builds very quickly.  In the process of revamping ClockTHREEjr, we decided to prototype and test the matrix driving circuitry.  A few short years ago (in the ClockTHREEjr era) addressable LEDs were not a thing yet.  A large array needed to be displayed one column (or row) at a time before moving to the next column (or row).  This makes the circuit and programming logic very complex.  Smart addressable LEDs (like the APA102), with a microchip in each piecepart, make all of that complexity obsolete.  With only 2 pins from a microcontroller, these pixels can be commanded to set and hold any 24-bit color as long as power is maintained.  This frees up the processor to do other things, like poll user interfaces and read subreddits.

So the task is to redesign the ClockTHREEjr board using these modern smart LEDs.  ClockTHREEjr  (C3jr) has 8 rows and 16 columns of dumb LEDs, which can upgraded to smart pixels using 2 ULTiM8x8 (no solder) LED panels.  What was originally just a proof of concept turned out to be so cool we decided to show it off and make the design public.

Once you have purchased the Bill of Materials (BoM), you can make this clock in a morning.  Once you get your 3D printer started on the baffle (.5-3 hours depending on printer and settings), you can move over to your laser cutter to make the front and back of the clock (1 hour).  Give yourself 30 minutes for final assembly and 30 minutes to program, even though neither takes that much time.  That means you can make this project in 4 hours with plenty of margin.  This project is a slam dunk.

Steps:

1. Print baffle
2. Lasercut faceplate
3. Program Feather Huzzah
4. Assemble

1. Print baffle

Since the baffle is not really visible in the assembled clock, it can be printed very quickly with large layer heights.  Kevin Osborn was able to get the print time down to 25 minutes using a 1mm nozzle   With the .4mm nozzle you can go up to .2mm layers.  The rule of thumb is to make the layer height no more than 1/2 nozzle width. You can go higher, but this tends to get layer separation (theoretically you could do 1x nozzle width layers).

Glue the velum to the font of the baffle and trim away excess velum.

2. Lasercut faceplate and backplate

The faceplate is etched on the backside.  The black letters are to be etched and the red lines are cut. Take your time here.  You may need to slow the etching speed down or make more than one pass to remove all of the opaque material.  There are several choices on the material.  Black is by far the most popular but Inventables (see bill of materials) offers several color choices.  The mirrored acrylic also works well.  For a super glossy finish, use spray-painted acrylic with at least four coats of paint, the last coat being in black.  Let dry completely between layers.

3. Program Feather Huzzah

Pre-requests: Install Arduino, Feather Huzzah dev env, adafruit IO account.

TLDR;

1. Download the code from GitHub.
2. Set sketchbook folder: KlokTHREEjr->arduino
3. Create libraries/credentials/credentials.h
4. Open arduino/DesKlok_IO/Desklok_IO.ino
5. Board: Feather Huzzah
6. Select port
7. Upload

Download the code from github.  You can either download the zip file or clone the repository.  The stable code for this clock is stored in DesKlok_IO.  The _IO in the name refers to the fact that we are using the Adafruit_IO library for controlling the clock. We will configure our IO controls after we upload the program to the Feather Huzzah.

Every WyoLum repository comes complete with all of the libraries you need installed in the “arduino/libraries” directory.  Point your arduino->preferences->sketchbook directory to your downloaded KlokTHREEjr/arduino/   (On my system it’s “/Users/justin/code/KlokTHREEjr/arduino”).

Next we need to put wifi and adafruit.io credentials into a file called credentials.h.  Open libraries/credentials/README and fill out your ssid, password and IO credentials.

#ifndef __CREDENTIALS_H
#define __CREDENTIALS_H
// Create a file called "credentials.h" that has ssid and pass as shown.
// This file should not be added to your public repository

char ssid[] = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID"; // your network SSID (name)
char pass[] = "YOUR_SSID_PASS"; // your network password
char* password = pass;

/************************* Adafruit.io Setup***************************/
#define IO_SERVER "io.adafruit.com"
#define IO_SERVERPORT 8883
#define IO_USERNAME "YOUR_IO_USERNAME"
#define IO_KEY "___YOUR_IO_KEY______" //copy paste AIO key

#endif

Finally restart Arduino.  If the path is set correctly, you will see a few Klok sample programs in the File->Sketchbook menu.  Open “DesKlok” from File->Skechbook->DesKlok.  Select the “Feather Huzzah” board from the Tools->Board menu.  Plug in your Feather Huzzah into an available USB port and select that port from the Tools->port menu in Arduino.  Finally upload the code.

Adafruit.io setup

IO allows us to leave off the tedious physical interface and go with a purely virtual interface.  To control the DesKlok, you will need to set up Adafruit.io.  You will need to create three feeds on io.adafruit: klok_brightness (0 to 50), klok_display_idx (0,1,2), and Timezone1 (-720 to 720),  klok_brightness.    

After you create the feeds, add dashboard to hold them. I used three slider-bars with the above limits.

4. Assemble

Make sure you test the electronics before you assemble the clock.  Every time I build the clock without testing, I realize I forgot to solder the power jumper.

1. Prepare bus
2. Solder header and power jumper
3. Test
4. Final assembly

1. Prepare bus

The bus can hold one, two or three ultim8x8s.  Since we are using only two UlTiM8x8s, we need to remove some tabs from the bus as shown.

2. Solder headers and power jumper

Solder the female headers onto the bus board and the male headers to the Feather Huzzah.

Solder the included small switch to the bus or solder the center pad of the power jumper to the USB side.

3. Test

Plug the Feather Huzzah programed earlier into the bus.  Start arduino and open the serial monitor.  If all goes well (connect to wifi, and Adafruit IO) seconds will start ticking off.   Once you see the time in the serial monitor, your LED panel should be lit (shown below with baffles and velum).

4. Final assembly.

What can go wrong?

• Forget to solder jumper switch
• Light leakage.– mask holes in ULTiM8x8
• Wrong ULTiM8x8 orientation (double check 5V and ground rails)

Use thin (1.66mm) m3 nuts to attach low profile screws to each of two ULTiM8x8 boards. Mask the holes around the edge to prevent light leakage.  

Attach bus board, paying close attention that the 5V and ground rails align with the LED panels.  Use 12 M3 nuts in the middle and 4 standoffs (20mm) in the corners. 

Attach the faceplate and backplates and you are done.  The space between the faceplate and backplate is exactly 30mm.  This can be filled a number of ways: 30mm standoff (preferred), 20mm standoff + 10mm spacer shown below (need longer M3 screws),  20mm and 10mm standoff (10mm standoffs come with ULTiM8x8).

VeloKey is a Keyboard for your bike.  I know.  I know what you are going to ask: “Why do you need a keyboard for your bike?”  Well, I guess you don’t.  This is the story of a failed project.  We break down why and how this project failed in hopes to learn from the experience.

First let me remind you why we thought VeloKey might have made a viable product.

Project goals:  Many people ride bikes indoors for hours at a time.  They use a computer to: run a training program (virtual world), watch videos, browse the web, and read email.  These activities could be made easier with a cycling specific computer interface.

A full QWERTY keyboard would be too cumbersome to operate while you are pumping out the Watts, so we simplified the interface to three scroll wheels, a display, and a few buttons.  If you need to author your manifesto, then by all means use a different interface.  VeloKey is meant for typing the first few characters of a web address, not a dissertation.

Features:

• Wireless — you don’t want to be burdened with cords on the bike.  VeloKey uses the Bluetooth HID interface.
• Full Keyboard — Letters, numbers, symbols, arrow keys
• Full Mouse — Works like an etch-a-sketch, left/right clicks
• Display — Select keys, change modes.
• Magnetic handlebar mount — Allows rider to remove the VeloKey, and use with both hands.

Project design:

• Open source hardware — Like all of our designs this was important to us.  We are empowered by open hardware, and we will always publish our designs in the hope that others find them useful.
• Off the shelf open hardware components — This really sped up development time.
  • BlueFruit EZKey
  • Arduino Pro Mini
  • Feather M0
  • ST7735 Breakout
• High quality scroll wheels — this subtle clicking of these wheels are addictive like popping bubble wrap.
• Custom back plane — Anool whipped up the board that ties the circuit together.
• 3D printed case — Snap together, magnetic base, Garmin quarter turn mount

Hardware:

The design is centered around the Feather M0.  This M0 has plenty of program memory if you are used to programming AVR 328s found in the Arduino Unos.  Its a fantastic little ship with multiple hardware serial ports, can act as an HID keyboard and mouse (which backs up the Bluetooth) and is well documented.

We used an arduino pro mini to provide guaranteed encoder readings.  Kevin did have some luck reading the encoders directly from the M0, but never all three at the same time and also not with background tasking.  Using the Pro-Mini was a quick and rely able way to implement the encoders.  The Pro-Mini is connected to the M0 via a serial link.

The EZKey module provides the Bluetooth HID interface so that VeloKey does not require any software modifications on the host computer.  The EZKey is connected to the M0 via a serial link.

Software:

The software was developed using Arduino.  Upon startup, VeloKey launches into a software defined default mode (typically mouse mode).  Scrolling the middle wheel allows you to change modes from mouse, to keyboard, to program, to movie.  Modes are defined in an extensible object oriented manor so that VeloKey will play nicely with community defined modes.  The Pro-Mini translates encoder events into serial events and sends them to the M0 where the events are handled.

The beginning of an extensible API was created to test VeloKey as a gaming platform.  A few basic sprites and widgets were defined and the API was used to create Pong and Asteroids.

Cause of death: Lack of interest.

The main reason VeloKey Failed was negative feedback from three sources.  First, the local bike shop said that “VeloKey” solved a non-existent problem.  A virtual training company rejected hardware in favor of their phone app. And finally, a beta tester said that it was too distracting.  Three strikes and VeloKey is out.

Contributing technical factors:

If it weren’t for these technical factors, we’d probably still pursue a crowd funding campaign.  After all we have a lot of effort invested in VeloKey.  Before we launched, we’d have to solve this technical issues and that would take more investment of time that we felt would not pay returns.

1. Feather M0 lock-ups.  Frequently the M0 locks up especially when interfacing with the Bluetooth module.
2. Flaky Bluetooth.  Several beta testers had trouble pairing the Bluetooth on Windows and Mac.
3. Draining battery.  The Feather M0 has no way to shut off current completely.  This meant that VeloKey could not be left on the bike, but would need to stay on the charger between uses.

Other uses?

VeloKey or something like it may be useful as a mobile computer interface, or game platform.  We tested it out with Pong and Asteroids.  The update rate was a little on the slow side for any graphic intensive games.